Procrastination and ADHD

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If you have adhd, you more than likely struggle with beginning tasks that are boring,overwhelming or difficult. The first step to coming up with a plan for helping yourself with this issue is to understand why you have this problem. It's not because you are lazy, stubborn, or stupid. It's because your brain is different. You share this is common with many other people, and everyone who has adhd. 

It is crucial for you to understand how your brain works in order to help yourself with procrastination. 

Completing work, school and life tasks and projects

Adhd is a disorder of executive functioning(EF). Executive functioning is needed to get just about everything done in every arena of life including work home and school. One crucial area of executive functioning that is impacted by adhd is motivation. 

Motivation consists of the following things

  • Initiation

It's what we need to get going on something, stop procrastinating  and see it through.

We need to have the initiation to get started without direction or executive reminding. 

  • Time management

You need to be able to do things on time. You need to correctly estimate how long the steps of a project are going to take, and you need to avoid procrastination along the way.

  • Sustaining of attention

You need to be able to manage your attention and resist distraction.

  • Goal oriented persistence

You need too understand how to set a goal, stay focused on that goal, and be able to return to the task when things throw you off course that are unexpected. 

All of these things are compromised in people with adhd.. You can learn more about what adhd is by clicking on this link. 

As a result, people with adhd suffer in many areas of their lives. If you have adhd, it's important to understand that the things you struggle with are hard, because of your deficits in EF not because of poor choices you make. 

Some facts about Procrastination and ADHD

Starting and finishing tasks rely on executive functioning

  • People with adhd experience a deficit of executive functioning (EF) skills
  • These skills unfold developmentally, not in a linear fashion so children may be at a particular disadvantage as well young adults
  • When a task is unrewarding or uninteresting it becomes much harder for you to get started on it 
  • Dopamine is a neurotransmitter. It controls reward satisfaction and attachment. The less dopamine someone has the more difficulty someone has getting started on things you doesn't perceive as rewarding. This influences the process of getting started on activities, particularly on diffiuclt tasks. It also impacts their experiences of feeling rewarded and satisfied. People with adhd have lower amounts of dopamine in their brains. 
  •   If the adhd brain doesn't get immediate satisfaction or a real understanding of the long term benefit of doing something it will be hard to muster up the ability to care and your brain will struggle with doing it.

Brain Hacks for Motivation: Interest Fosters Motivation

One thing we know is that interest dramatically improves motivation in people with adhd. Adhd brains need for things to be engaging in order for things to get accomplished TAKEAWAY. As an adhd'er you need to build extrinsic motivation and nurture intrinsic motivation.

Incentives are more important than any type of punishment or shame. Remember, you are not engaging in the behavior by choice, but because of the way your brain works. Now that you know it, you need to learn skills to work with your brain. Punishing and shaming yourself will never help create the skills but will lead to depression and immobilize you. 

Note: Punishments don't work for children with adhd for the same reason. All they learn to do is lie and sneak to avoid it, and they develop a deep sense of shame. 

CREATE INCENTIVES and USE REWARDS in Order to get Started and Build Motivation

1. Do X than Y.

  •  Link something unpleasant with Y. Change them periodically.

In this equation  X is something you dislike and Y is something you like. 

2. Set up rewards.

In life we often do not  congratulate and our efforts. Spend some time creating meaningful incentives for yourself. Think about all the things you like and enjoy and make a long list of these things to help use as incentives to build your motivation for hard tasks. As an Adhd person, you receive only 1 postive for every 15 negative in your live. As a child the ratio of negatives was even higher. It's important to focus on increasing postivity for yourself. 

PLAN for the OVERWHELM to Keep Going: Break it Down Smaller and Smaller While Increasing the Rewards

Procrastination is often related to the size of the amount of overwhelm you are feeling. If you are overwhelmed it is because something feels too big or complicated. You  may also have the mindset "If I don't try I can't fail".

When you have a big project or task, ask yourself "What will I do when I feel overwhelmed?"

Write  down everything that the project entails and make a map of how to get there. Anticipate that you will get overwhelmed and ask yourself "How will I reduce my overwhelm when it comes up?" 

One such way is to reduce your work load to smaller and smaller increments until you feel less overwhelmed.

For example  work only for 15 minutes on a task and then take a five minute break. Specifically list what you will do during that time and reward yourself with something specific. 

Then plan to work for 25 minutes and take a longer break substantially increasing the reward each time you lengthen the amount of time you are spending on the difficult  task. 

The more you work the more substantial the goal!

List what you are working on, figure out your approach, make a clear map and know what you are working on. 

REMEMBER: Assess all the tasks you will need to do and know where you are going. Get help from a loved one if you are overwhelmed get stuck or need help prioritizing. 

TIP :Figure out what helps you to do your difficult tasks. If it is music or something else gamify things in a way that helps you get it done. 

Prioritizing/Improving Time Management can Reduce Overwhelm 

The Eisenhower Matrix

In many seminars of time management for people with ADHD this matrix is used.

People with ADHD tend to spend too much time in the

  • "Urgent and Not Important" Quadrant because of their difficulty with time  management and prioritization. 
  •  "Urgent and Important Quadrant" because of their difficulty with procrastination.
  •  "Not important and not urgent quadrant" to deal with the stress that mismanagement of time creates from spending too much time in the wrong quadrants and get hits of dopamine.

The key is to shift your time to spending more time in Quadrant 2.

You can click on this page to learn more about this strategy and find more resources on it 

Use Backwards Design to Decrease Obstacles

Backwards design is helpful because it helps you to first to visualize successfully meeting  your goal. Then, you work backward to estimate time and determine how long something might take and develop your plan. It begins provide  extra help for you in your brain where you struggle with your executive functioning skills. 

I have to leave at 8  what time to a need to get up?

  • I need to eat breakfast that takes 20 minutes
  • I need  get dressed that takes 10 minutes
  • I also need to check my email that  10 minutes
  • I like to check my phone that takes 15 minutes
  • In total that will take 55 minutes
  • I need to get up at 7:05
  • I should set leaving alarms at 745, 750 and 755 
  • I should Set alarms 5 10 and 15 minutes before you have to leave if you are late.

Other Tips to Helping with Motivation and Procrastinating

  • Routines and structure are important and can foster persistence when you would otherwise be avoiding and procrastinating. 
  • At the end of the day write down things you did that you feel good about. Celebrate them.
  • Practice setting small manageable goals with rewards
  • Remember to plan , schedule and use backwards design to estimate time. If you are struggling ask for help from friends or family with this process. 
  • Mistakes with this process are how you learn. 

Create a Motivation Plan for Yourself to Help you Get Things Done

It can be helpful when you are struggling to create a specific motivation plan with concrete elements and post it in a place where you can adjust it. 

Use the strategies above to help with all aspects of your motivation:

  1. Getting started
  2. Time management
  3. Goal oriented persistence
  4. Planning for overwhelm
  5. Rewards and incentives

Years of negative feedback make you extra sensitive and you can expect that you will experience many challenges when you specifically address working on your procrastination. Stay positive and continue to modify  your plan


References

Most of this information was taken from a webinar I attended with Sharon Saline. 

Saline, Sharon (2018,November 17) Let’s Get Started: How You Can Get Stuff Done – with Sharon Saline, Psy.D. in 2018 ADAA webinar series

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Medical information obtained from this website is not intended as a substitute for professional care. If you have or suspect you have a problem, you should consult a healthcare provider.